A body of knowledge and abilities that provide a preschool or kindergarten child with a foundation for the formal school experience and academic learning.

The degree of reader understanding of written material. Readability is an essential measure for publishers of educational materials to determine, prior to publication and distribution to specific student age groups.

A colloquialism referring to a college whose empirical qualifications for admission appear somewhat higher than the academic qualifications...

The actual number of correct answers on a test, unadjusted and unconverted to conventional grading systems or to relative positions in a distribution curve.

The counting of specific, concrete objects, as opposed to the simple mastery of the sequence of numbers.

A controversial series of short texts introduced in New York City schools in the early 1990s to inculcate in children a spirit of acceptance of a wide range of people of different races, religions, ethnic backgrounds and sexual preferences.

The wireless transmission of sound, or “wireless telephone,” as it was first called, following its invention in Europe in the late 19th century.

The belief that race is the primary cause of human characteristics and abilities and that some races are inherently superior to others, intellectually, psychologically and physically.

In public education, a student population whose racial and ethnic makeup reflects the racial makeup of the general community.

Financial grants awarded by a college or university to a student primarily on the basis of race, rather than academic, athletic or other abilities. Until 1995, race-based scholarships had been permitted under U.S.

In education, a class of people with common, identifiable and presumably inherited characteristics.