A series of formulas, developed in 1937,

A system of music education for young, elementary school–aged children that ignores instrumental and performing skills and focuses on teaching students to understand and appreciate music.

An independent, coeducational liberal arts college of about 1,000 students, founded in Galesburg, Illinois, in 1837.

Presbyterian minister whose writings on education helped spur early 19th-century efforts to establish a national system of public education.

American educator and agriculturist who originated the farm demonstration method that helped teach farmers new agricultural discoveries and techniques.

A case in which 11 parents in the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, suburb of Dover sued their school board a year after it ordered teachers to read a statement introducing intelligent design into the ninth grade science curriculum.

A formally organized pre–first grade class for children usually five years old.

American educator and philosopher whose books prompted the implementation of JOHN DEWEY’s progressive pedagogical methods in tens of thousands of schools throughout the world.

A landmark 1973 U.S.

A philanthropic organization established in 1927 by American inventor Charles F.

The 15th state admitted to the Union, in 1792.

A public, coeducational university in Kent, Ohio, and the scene of four student deaths by National Guard rifle bullets in October 1970—a seminal event in turning American public opinion against the Vietnam War.

Thirtyfifth president of the United States and fourth to be assassinated.

A philanthropic organization that awards about $250 million in grants annually to higher education,

Pioneer social reformer, champion and campaigner for child labor and compulsory education laws; instrumental in creation of the federal Children’s Bureau in 1912 to study the plight of American children.

American author, lecturer and champion of special education for the blind, deaf and mute.

An honorary society of more than 50,000 men and women in education.

Thirty-fourth state admitted to the Union, in 1861.